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Part of Cubic Formula Proof · Full written notes & video →

Cubic Formula Proof Step 1: Removing x^2 term via PQ Substitution

Video · February 3, 2025 · mirrored from the Hive blockchain
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In this video I go over the first step in deriving the Cubic Formula, which is to eliminate the x2 term from the Cubic Equation by using the PQ Substitution method. This allows us to later apply Vieta's substitution to obtain a quadratic formula, which we can solve. As in the PQ Quadratic Formula method, I set x = y + k and then expand the powers and select a k value such that the x2 terms get eliminated. Then rearranging and defining p and q as the terms for the coefficients of the x1 and x0, we obtain the PQ version of the Cubic Equation.

Timestamps
  • Step 1: Get rid of x2 term using PQ Substitution in order to later apply Vieta's substitution to get a quadratic formula – 0:00
  • Applying PQ substitution to cubic equation by letting x = y + k – 1:46
  • Expanding out the y2 terms only – 3:20
  • Equate y2 terms to equal zero and solve for k – 5:10
  • Recap of Pascal's Triangle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal%27s_triangle – 6:00
  • Plugging in our k to cancel out terms and rearrange equation – 7:43
  • Divide new Cubic Equation by a – 13:40
  • Substitute p and k to obtain the new PQ Cubic Equation – 14:45
Notes: Step 1: Get rid of x2 term using PQ Substitution

Written notes — mirrored from Cubic Formula Proof, which walks through the complete derivation.

Just as in the PQ substitution method for the quadratic equation, we would like to get rid of the x2 term from the cubic function:

ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0

It's possible to solve the equation y3 + py + q = 0 by applying Vieta's substitution to obtain a quadratic formula:

image.png

Let's now apply the PQ substitution method to the cubic function.

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Originally posted on the Hive blockchain →
Text and image retrieved from the Hive blockchain on September 24, 2026.